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“That until the philosophy which holds one
race superior and another inferior is finally and permanently discredited and
abandoned: That until there are no longer first-class and second-class citizens
of any nation; That until the color of a man's skin is of no more significance
than the color of his eyes; That until the basic human rights are equally
guaranteed to all without regard to race; That until that day, the dream of
lasting peace and world citizenship and the rule of international morality will
remain but a fleeting illusion, to be pursued but never attained and until the
ignoble but unhappy regimes that hold our brothers in Angola, in Mozambique,
and in South Africa in subhuman bondage have been toppled and destroyed; until
bigotry and prejudice and malicious and inhuman self-interest have been
replaced by understanding and tolerance and goodwill; until all Africans stand
and speak as free human beings, equal in the eyes of the Almighty; until that
day, the African continent shall not know peace. We Africans will fight if necessary
and we know that we shall win as we are confident in the victory of good over
evil.”
“Sellassie”
"By
the Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, His Imperial Majesty ‘Haile Selassie
I,’ Ethiopian King of Kings, Elect of God"
“The Lion of Judah”
‘Emperor
of Ethiopia’
By
Gregory V. Boulware
“A qualified man with vision, unmoved by
daily selfish interests, will be led to right decisions by his conscience. In
general, a man who knows from whence he comes and where he is going will
co-operate with his fellow human beings. He will not be satisfied with merely
doing his ordinary duties but will inspire others by his good example. You are
being watched by the nation and you should realize that you will satisfy it if
you do good; but if, on the contrary, you do evil, it will lose its hope and
its confidence in you.
~ Lij Teferi Makonnen, a.k.a., Haille Sellassie~
/*
To Ethiopians,
Haile Selassie has been known
by many names, including Janhoy, Talaqu Meri, and Abba Tekel. The
Rastafari movement employs many of these appellations, also referring to him as
Jah, Jah Rastafari, and HIM (the abbreviation of "His Imperial Majesty").
Liji Teferi Makonnen was born on July 23, 1892, in Harar, a cosmopolitan market center
and capital of one of Ethiopia’s most important provinces. His father, Ras
Makonnen of Shawa, besides being governor Harar Province, was first cousin
to and a close advisor of the great Ethiopian
Emperor, Menelik II, 1889-1913. Through his father, Tafari was
said to be a direct descendent of ‘King
Solomon and the Queen of Sheba,’ an important claim to a kingdom where
Christianity was the official state religion. His mother Woizero
("Lady") Yeshimebet Ali Abba Jifar; was entirely of Ethiopia’s
elite “Amharie stock.” This fact
perhaps played a role in influencing the future emperor’s relatively benevolent
policies toward some of Ethiopia’s minority groups.
Disregarding its
1928 20-year treaty of friendship with Ethiopia, Benito Mussolini launched a full sea invasion of Ethiopia in 1935.
The superior technology of the industrialized western states, which included poisonous
gas, along with their air planes and tanks overwhelmed the heroic resistance of
the Ethiopian Army. Against his better judgment, Haile Sellassie personally led
the Ethiopian Army in the field and was defeated at ‘Maichew’ in March
1936. Because the country of Ethiopia held membership in the League of Nations, the Emperor in an
emotionally powerful speech begged the League of Nations for help. He was told
by the British Ambassador, the only one who would meet with him; that “No Life of a Black Man is worth the blood
of a white!” Sellassie warned that, “God and History will remember Your
Judgment.”
This would be the
start of a World War.
The emperor arrives in Jerusalem. May 1936:
After further debate
as to whether Haile Selassie should go to Gore or accompany his family into
exile, it was agreed that he should leave Ethiopia with his family and present
the case of Ethiopia to the League of Nations at Geneva. The decision was not
unanimous and several participants, including the nobleman Blatta Tekle Wolde
Hawariat, strenuously objected to the idea of an Ethiopian monarch fleeing
before an invading force. Haile Selassie appointed his cousin Ras Imru Haile
Selassie as Prince Regent in his absence, departing with his family for
Djibouti on May 2, 1936.
On 5 May, Marshal
Pietro Badoglio led Italian troops into Addis Ababa, and Mussolini declared
Ethiopia an Italian province. Victor Emanuel III was proclaimed as the new
Emperor of Ethiopia. However, on the previous day, the Ethiopian exiles had
left Djibouti aboard the British cruiser HMS Enterprise. They were bound for
Jerusalem in the British Mandate of Palestine, where from the House of David. Leaving the Holy Land, Haile Selassie and
his entourage sailed for Gibraltar aboard the British cruiser HMS Capetown.
From Gibraltar, the exiles were transferred to an ordinary liner. By doing
this, the government of the United Kingdom was spared the expense of a state
reception.
Collective security and the League of Nations, 1936:
Mussolini, upon
invading Ethiopia, had promptly declared his own "Italian Empire";
because the League of Nations afforded Haile Selassie the opportunity to
address the assembly, Italy even withdrew its League delegation, on 12 May
1936. It was in this context that Haile Selassie walked into the hall of the
League of Nations, introduced by the President of the Assembly as "His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of
Ethiopia" (Sa Majesté Imperiale, l'Empereur d'Ethiopie).
The introduction
caused a great many Italian journalists in the galleries to erupt into jeering,
heckling, and whistling. As it turned out, they had earlier been issued
whistles by Mussolini's son-in-law, Count Galeazzo Ciano.
Haile Selassie
waited calmly for the hall to be cleared, and responded "majestically" with a speech sometimes considered among
the most stirring of the 20th century.
The Imperial family
disembarked at Haifa and then went on to Jerusalem, where the Ethiopian Royal Family
maintained a residence. Once there, Haile Selassie and his party prepared to
make their case at Geneva. The choice of Jerusalem was highly symbolic, since
the Solomonic Dynasty claimed descent.
Although fluent in
French, the working language of the League, Haile Selassie chose to
deliver his historic speech in his native Amharic. He asserted that, because his "confidence in the League was absolute"; his people
were now being slaughtered. He pointed out that the same European states
that found in Ethiopia's favor at the League of Nations were refusing Ethiopia credit and matériel while
aiding Italy, which was employing chemical weapons on military and civilian
targets alike.
It was at the time
when the operations for the encircling of Makale were taking place that the
Italian command, fearing a rout, followed the procedure which it is now the
worlds’ duty to denounce.
Special sprayers
were installed on board aircraft so that they could vaporize, over vast areas
of territory, a fine, death-dealing rain. Groups of nine, fifteen, eighteen
aircraft followed one another so that the fog issuing from them formed a
continuous sheet. It was thus that, as from the end of January 1936, soldiers, women, children, cattle, rivers,
lakes, and pastures were drenched continually with this deadly rain. In order
to kill off systematically all living creatures, in order to more surely poison
waters and pastures, the Italian command made its aircraft pass over and over
again. That was its chief method of warfare.
Noting that his own "small
people of 12 million inhabitants, without arms, without resources"
could never withstand an attack by a large power such as Italy, with its 42
million people and "unlimited quantities of the most death-dealing
weapons", he contended that all small states were threatened by the
aggression, and that all small states were in effect reduced to vassal states
in the absence of collective action. He admonished the League that "God and history will remember your
judgment."
Gurage heritage. Tafari's father was Ras Makonnen Woldemikael Gudessa, the governor of Harar. Ras Makonnen served as a general in the
First Italo–Ethiopian War, playing a key role at the Battle of Adwa;
he too was paternally Oromo but maternally Amhara. Haile Selassie was
thus able to ascend to the imperial throne through his paternal grandmother,
Woizero Tenagnework Sahle Selassie,
who was an aunt of Emperor Menelik II and daughter of Negus Sahle Selassie of Shewa. As such, Haile Selassie claimed
direct descent from Makeda, the Queen of Sheba, and King Solomon of ancient
Israel.
To Ethiopians, Haile Selassie has been known by many names,
including Janhoy, Talaqu Meri, and Abba Tekel. The Rastafari movement
employs many of these appellations, also referring to him as Jah, Jah Rastafari, and HIM (the abbreviation
of "His Imperial Majesty").
As Governor of Harer,
he became known as ‘Ras Teferi Makonnen.’ Ras translates to "head" and is a rank of nobility
equivalent to Duke; though it is
often rendered in translation as "Prince".
In 1916, Empress Zewditu I appointed
him to the position of Balemulu Silt'an Enderase (Regent
Plenipotentiary). In 1928, she granted him the throne of “Shoa,” elevating his title to “Negus”
or "King".
Lij Teferi Makonnen,
a.k.a., Haille Sellassie was born in the Harar province of Ethiopia on July 23, 1892, in the
village of Ejersa Goro.
His mother was Woizero ("Lady") Yeshimebet Ali
Abba Jifar, daughter of the renowned Oromo ruler of Wollo province
Dejazmach Ali Abba Jifar. Ras Makonnen Woldemikael and his son Lij Tafari
Makonnen, Haile Selassie's royal line (through his father's mother)
originated from the Amhara people,
but he also had Oromo, and Gurage roots.
Ras Makonnen arranged for Tafari as well as his first
cousin, Imru Haile Selassie, to
receive instruction in Harar from Abba
Samuel Wolde Kahin, an Ethiopian capuchin monk, and from Dr. Vitalien, a surgeon from
Guadeloupe. Tafari was named Dejazmach (literally "commander
of the gate", roughly equivalent to "count") at the age of 13, on 1 November 1905. Shortly
thereafter, his father Ras Makonnen died at
Kulibi in 1906.
Lij Teferi Makonnen at age 3:
Haile Selassie was known as a child as Lij Tafari Makonnen
(Amharic ልጅ ተፈሪ መኮንን; lij teferī
mekōnnin). Lij translates to "child",
and serves to indicate that a youth is of noble blood. His given name, Tafari,
means "one who is respected or
feared". Like most Ethiopians, his personal name Tafari is followed by that of his father Makonnen and rarely that of his grandfather Woldemikael. His Ge'ez name Haile
Selassie was given to him at his infant baptism and adopted again as part
of his Regal name in 1930.
Haile Selassie
(Ge'ez: ቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ qädamawi haylä
səllasé; Amharic: [ha.ɪlɜ sɨlːase] (23 July 1892 – 27 August 1975), born Tafari
Makonnen Woldemikael, was Ethiopia's regent from 1916 to 1930 and
Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974.
He was the heir to a dynasty that
traced its origins by tradition from King Solomon and Queen Makeda, Empress of
Axum, known in the Abrahamic tradition as the Queen of Sheba.
Following the death of his brother Yelma in 1907, the governorate of Harar was left vacant, and its
administration was left to Menelik's loyal general, Dejazmach Balcha Safo. Balcha Safo's administration of Harar was
ineffective, and so during the last illness of Menelik II, and the brief reign
of Empress Taitu Bitul, Tafari was
made governor of Harar in 1910 or 1911.
On 2 November 1930, after
the death of Empress Zewditu, Ras Tafari was crowned King of Kings, often
rendered imprecisely in English as "Emperor". Upon his ascension,
he took as his Regal name Haile Selassie I. Haile means in
Ge'ez "Power of" and Selassie
means trinity—therefore Haile Selassie roughly translates to "Power of the
Trinity". Haile Selassie's full title in office was "By
the Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie I,
King of Kings of Ethiopia, Elect of God". This title reflects
Ethiopian dynastic traditions, which hold that all monarchs must trace their
lineage back to Menelik I, who in the Ethiopian tradition was the offspring of
King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.
On 3 August, he married Menen Asfaw of Ambassel, niece of heir to
the throne Lij Iyasu.
Dejazmatch Tafari,
as governor of Harar Tafari assumed
the titular governorship of Selale
in 1906, a realm of marginal importance, but one that enabled him to continue
his studies. In 1907, he was appointed governor over part of the province of Sidamo. It is alleged that during his
late teens, Haile Selassie was married to Woizero
Altayech, and that from this union, his daughter Princess Romanework was
born.
Regency:
The extent to which Tafari Makonnen contributed to the
movement that would come to depose Iyasu
V has been discussed extensively, particularly in Haile Selassie's own
detailed account of the matter. Iyasu V,
or Lij Iyasu, was the designated but uncrowned Emperor of Ethiopia from
1913 to 1916. Iyasu's reputation for scandalous behavior and a disrespectful
attitude towards the nobles at the court of his grandfather, Menelik II, damaged his reputation.
Iyasu's flirtation with Islam was considered treasonous
among the Ethiopian Orthodox Christian leadership of the empire. On 27 September
1916, Iyasu was deposed.
Contributing to the movement that deposed Iyasu were
conservatives such as Fitawrari Habte
Giyorgis, Menelik II's longtime Minister
of War. The movement to depose Iyasu preferred by Tafari, as he attracted
support from both progressive and conservative factions. Ultimately, Iyasu was
deposed on the grounds of conversion to Islam.
In his place, the daughter of Menelik II (the aunt of Iyasu)
was named Empress Zewditu, while Tafari was elevated to the rank of Ras and
was made heir apparent and Crown Prince. In the power arrangement that
followed, Tafari accepted the role of Regent
Plenipotentiary (Balemulu 'Inderase) and became the de facto ruler of the
Ethiopian Empire (Mangista Ityop'p'ya). Zewditu would govern while Tafari would
administer.
The Emperor arrives in Jerusalem May 1936:
After further debate as to whether Haile Selassie should go
to Gore or accompany his family into exile, it was agreed that he should leave
Ethiopia with his family and present the case of Ethiopia to the League of
Nations at Geneva. The decision was not unanimous and several participants,
including the nobleman Blatta Tekle Wolde Hawariat, strenuously objected to the
idea of an Ethiopian monarch fleeing before an invading force. Haile Selassie
appointed his cousin Ras Imru Haile Selassie as Prince Regent in his absence,
departing with his family for Djibouti
on 2 May 1936.
On 5 May, Marshal
Pietro Badoglio led Italian troops into Addis Ababa, and Mussolini
declared Ethiopia an Italian province. Victor
Emanuel III was proclaimed as the new
Emperor of Ethiopia. However, on the previous day, the Ethiopian exiles had
left Djibouti aboard the British cruiser HMS Enterprise.
They were bound for Jerusalem in the
British Mandate of Palestine, (who were
from) the House of David. Leaving the
Holy Land, Haile Selassie and his entourage sailed for Gibraltar aboard the
British cruiser HMS Capetown. From Gibraltar,
the exiles were transferred to an ordinary liner. By doing this, the government
of the United Kingdom was spared the expense
of a state reception.
Collective security and the League of Nations,
1936:
The Ethiopian Royal Family maintained a residence. The Imperial
family disembarked at Haifa and then went on to Jerusalem. Once there, Haile
Selassie and his retinue prepared to make their case at Geneva. The choice of
Jerusalem was highly symbolic, since the Solomonic
Dynasty claimed descent.
Although fluent in French,
the working language of the League, Haile Selassie chose to deliver his
historic speech in his native Amharic. He asserted that, because his "confidence
in the League was absolute", his people were now being
slaughtered. He pointed out that the same European states that found in
Ethiopia's favor at the League of Nations were refusing Ethiopia credit and
matériel while aiding Italy, which
was employing chemical weapons on military and civilian targets alike.
Mussolini, upon invading Ethiopia, had promptly declared his
own "Italian Empire";
because the League of Nations afforded Haile Selassie the opportunity to
address the assembly, Italy even withdrew its League delegation, on 12 May
1936. It was in this context that Haile
Selassie walked into the hall of the League of Nations, introduced by the
President of the Assembly as "His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of
Ethiopia" (Sa Majesté Imperiale, l'Empereur d'Ethiopie).
The introduction caused a great many Italian journalists in
the galleries to erupt into jeering,
heckling, and whistling. As it turned out, they had earlier been issued
whistles by Mussolini's son-in-law,
Count Galeazzo Ciano. Haile Selassie waited calmly for the hall to be
cleared, and responded "Majestically" with a
speech sometimes considered among the most stirring of the 20th century.
It was at the time when the operations for the encircling of
Makale were taking place that the
Italian command, fearing a resurgence or uprising, a rout or a disorderly flight
of the defeated; the utterly slaughtered; like that of swine, followed the procedure
which it is now a duty to denounce to the world. Special sprayers were
installed on board aircraft so that they could vaporize, over vast areas of
territory, a fine, death-dealing rain.
Groups of nine, fifteen, eighteen aircraft followed one
another so that the fog issuing from them formed a continuous sheet. It was
thus that, as from the end of January 1936, soldiers, women, children,
cattle, rivers, lakes, and pastures were drenched continually with this deadly
rain. In order to kill off systematically all living creatures, in order to
more surely poison waters and pastures, the Italian command made its aircraft
pass over and over again. That was its chief method of warfare.
It is collective
security; it is the very existence of the League of Nations. It is the
confidence that each State is to place in international treaties.... In a word,
it is international morality that is
at stake. Have the signatures appended to a Treaty value only in so far as the
signatory Powers have a personal, direct and immediate interest involved?
Noting that his own "small
people of 12 million inhabitants, without arms, without resources"
could never withstand an attack by a large power such as Italy, with its 42
million people and "unlimited
quantities of the most death-dealing weapons", he contended that all
small states were threatened by the aggression, and that all small states were
in effect reduced to vassal states in the absence of collective action. He
admonished the League that "God and history will remember your
judgment."
The speech made the
emperor an icon for anti-fascists
around the world, and Time named him "Man of the Year".
He failed, however, to get what he most needed: the League
agreed to only partial and ineffective sanctions on Italy. Only six nations in 1937 did not
recognize Italy's occupation; they were China, New Zealand, the Soviet Union,
the Republic of Spain, Mexico and the United States.
Haile Selassie's activity in this period was focused on
countering Italian propaganda as to
the state of Ethiopian resistance and the legality
of the occupation. He spoke out against the desecration of houses of worship and historical artifacts
(including the theft of a 1,600-year-old imperial obelisk), and condemned the
atrocities suffered by the Ethiopian civilian population. He continued to
plead for League intervention and to voice his certainty that "God's
judgment will eventually visit the weak and the mighty alike", though
his attempts to gain support for the struggle against Italy were largely
unsuccessful until Italy entered World
War II on the German side in June 1940.
The emperor's pleas for
international support did take root in the United States, particularly among
African-American organizations sympathetic to the Ethiopian cause.
In 1937, Haile Selassie was to give a Christmas Day radio
address to the American people to thank his supporters when his taxi was involved
in a traffic accident, leaving him with a fractured knee. Rather than canceling
the radio appearance, he proceeded in much pain to complete the address, in
which he linked Christianity and
goodwill with the Covenant of the League of Nations.
He also asserted that "War
is not the only means to stop war"
This became the first
message:
“With the birth of the Son of
God, an unprecedented, an unrepeatable, and a long-anticipated phenomenon
occurred. He was born in a stable instead of a palace, in a manger instead of a
crib. The hearts of the Wise men were struck by fear and wonder due to His
Majestic Humbleness. The kings prostrated themselves before Him and worshipped
Him. 'Peace be to those who have good will.”
“The Un-Obscure”
http://theunobscure.blogspot.com/
http://theunobscure.blogspot.com/
“...Although the toils of wise people may earn them respect, it is a
fact of life that the spirit of the wicked continues to cast its shadow on this
world. The arrogant are seen visibly leading their people into crime and
destruction. The laws of the League of Nations are constantly violated and wars
and acts of aggression repeatedly take place... So that the spirit of the
cursed will not gain predominance over the human race whom Christ redeemed with
his blood, all peace-loving people should cooperate to stand firm in order to
preserve and promote lawfulness and peace.”
Mobilization:
Following the 5 December 1934 Italian invasion of Ethiopia
at Walwal, Ogeden Province, Haile Selassie
joined his northern armies and set up headquarters at Desse in Wollo province.
H.I.M. issued his mobilization order on 3 October 1935:
Ethiopia became the target of renewed Italian imperialist designs in
the 1930s. BenitoMussolini's Fascist regime was keen to avenge the military
defeats Italy had suffered to Ethiopia in the First Italo-Abyssinian War, and
to efface the failed attempt by "liberal" Italy to conquer the
country, as epitomized by the defeat at Adowa. A conquest of Ethiopia could
also empower the cause of fascism and embolden its rhetoric of empire. Ethiopia
would also provide a bridge between Italy's Eritrean and Italian Somaliland
possessions. Ethiopia's position in the League of Nations did not dissuade the
Italians from invading in 1935; the "collective
security" envisaged by the League proved useless, and a scandal
erupted when the Hoare-Laval Pact revealed that Ethiopia's League allies were
scheming to appease Italy.
“If you withhold from your country Ethiopia, the death from cough or
head-cold of which you would otherwise die, refusing to resist (in your
district, in your patrimony, and in your home) our enemy who is coming from a
distant country to attack us, and if you persist in not shedding your blood,
you will be rebuked for it by your Creator and will be cursed by your
offspring. Hence, without cooling your heart of accustomed valor, there emerges
your decision to fight fiercely, mindful of your history that will last far
into the future.... If on your march you touch any property inside houses or
cattle and crops outside, not even grass, straw, and dung excluded, it is like
killing your brother who is dying with you.... You, countryman, living at the
various access routes, set up a market for the army at the places where it is
camping and on the day your district-governor will indicate to you, lest the
soldiers campaigning for Ethiopia's liberty should experience difficulty. You
will not be charged excise duty, until the end of the campaign, for anything
you are marketing at the military camps: I have granted you remission.... After
you have been ordered to go to war, but are then idly missing from the
campaign, and when you are seized by the local chief or by an accuser, you will
have punishment inflicted upon your inherited land, your property, and your
body; to the accuser I shall grant a third of your property.
Although the toils of wise people may earn them respect, it is a fact
of life that the spirit of the wicked continues to cast its shadow on this
world. The arrogant are seen visibly leading their people into crime and
destruction. The laws of the League of Nations are constantly violated and wars
and acts of aggression repeatedly take place... So that the spirit of the
cursed will not gain predominance over the human race whom Christ redeemed with
his blood, all peace-loving people should cooperate to stand firm in order to
preserve and promote lawfulness and peace.
On 4 October 1963, Haile Selassie addressed the General
Assembly of the United Nations referring in his address to his earlier speech
to the League of Nations:
“Twenty-seven years ago, as Emperor of Ethiopia, I mounted the rostrum
in Geneva, Switzerland, to address the League of Nations and to appeal for
relief from the destruction which had been unleashed against my defenseless
nation, by the fascist invader. I spoke then both to and for the conscience of
the world. My words went unheeded, but history testifies to the accuracy of the
warning that I gave in 1936. Today, I stand before the world organization which
has succeeded to the mantle discarded by its discredited predecessor. In this
body is enshrined the principle of collective security which I unsuccessfully
invoked at Geneva. Here, in this Assembly, reposes the best – perhaps the last
– hope for the peaceful survival of mankind.”
On 25 November 1963, the Emperor was among other heads of
state, including France's President
Charles de Gaulle, who traveled to Washington D.C. and attended the funeral
of assassinated President John F.
Kennedy.
In 1966, Haile Selassie attempted to create a modern,
progressive tax that included registration of land, which would significantly
weaken the nobility. Even with alterations, this law led to a revolt in Gojjam, which was repressed although
enforcement of the tax was abandoned. The revolt, having achieved its design in
undermining the tax, encouraged other landowners
to defy Haile Selassie.
“A house built on granite and
strong foundations, not even the onslaught of pouring rain, gushing torrents
and strong winds will be able to pull down. Some people have written the story
of my life representing as truth what in fact derives from ignorance, error or
envy; but they cannot shake the truth from its place, even if they attempt to
make others believe it.”
“That until the philosophy which
holds one race superior and another inferior is finally and permanently
discredited and abandoned: That until there are no longer first-class and
second-class citizens of any nation; That until the color of a man's skin is of
no more significance than the color of his eyes; That until the basic human
rights are equally guaranteed to all without regard to race; That until that
day, the dream of lasting peace and world citizenship and the rule of international
morality will remain but a fleeting illusion, to be pursued but never attained
and until the ignoble but unhappy regimes that hold our brothers in Angola, in
Mozambique, and in South Africa in subhuman bondage have been toppled and
destroyed; until bigotry and prejudice and malicious and inhuman self-interest
have been replaced by understanding and tolerance and goodwill; until all
Africans stand and speak as free human beings, equal in the eyes of the
Almighty; until that day, the African continent shall not know peace. We
Africans will fight if necessary and we know that we shall win as we are
confident in the victory of good over evil.”
—English translation of 1963 Speech delivered to the United
Nations and popularized in a song called "War" by Bob Marley.
“Apart from the Kingdom of the
Lord there is not on this earth any nation that is superior to any other.
Should it happen that a strong Government finds it may with impunity destroy a
weak people, then the hour strikes for that weak people to appeal to the League
of Nations to give its judgment in all Freedom…
God and history will remember
your judgment.”
—Address to the League of Nations, 1936.
“We have finished the job. What
shall we do with the tools?”
— Telegram to Winston Churchill, 1941.
“Throughout history, it has been
the inaction of those who could have acted; the indifference of those who
should have known better; the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered
most; that has made it possible for evil to triumph.
Today I stand before the world
organization which has succeeded to the mantle discarded by its discredited
predecessor.”
— In response to accusations by dissidents
“I have heard of that idea [i.e.,
of Haile Selassie being the reincarnation of Jesus Christ]. I also met certain
Rastafarians. I told them clearly that I am a man, that I am mortal, and that I
would be replaced by the oncoming generation, and that they should never make a
mistake in assuming or pretending that the human being is emanated from a
deity."
— Interview with Bill
McNeil.
“A qualified man with vision,
unmoved by daily selfish interests, will be led to right decisions by his
conscience. In general, a man who knows from whence he comes and where he is
going will co-operate with his fellow human beings. He will not be satisfied
with merely doing his ordinary duties but will inspire others by his good
example. You are being watched by the nation and you should realize that you
will satisfy it if you do good; but if, on the contrary, you do evil, it will
lose its hope and its confidence in you."
— 2 July 1963 – University Graduation
It is collective
security: it is the very existence of the League of Nations. It is the
confidence that each State is to place in international treaties.... In a word,
it is international morality that is at stake. Have the signatures
appended to a Treaty value only in so far as the signatory Powers have a
personal, direct and immediate interest involved?
The speech made the
emperor an icon for anti-fascists around the world, and Time named him "Man of the Year".
He failed, however,
to get what he most needed: the League agreed to only partial and ineffective
sanctions on Italy. Only six nations in 1937 did not recognize Italy's
occupation; they were China, New
Zealand, the Soviet Union, the Republic of Spain, Mexico and the United States.
The United Nations issued an apology in
1975, the year of his death.
Would Such An Apology Be Delivered To Black
America?
…I doubt It!
Til Next Time…
References:
‘The Coronation of H.I.M., Emperor Haile Sellassie;” “Ethiopia The Empire”
(Between Yesterday and Tomorrow)
The Italian-Ethiopian War – (Africa in World Affairs)
http://blackinamerica.com/cgi-bin/blog.cgi?blog_id=274175&cid=10
~BoulwareEnterprises~
http://www.BoulwareEnterprises.com
http://www.amazon.com/Gregory-V.-Boulware/e/B00OI16PDI/ref=ntt_dp_epwbk_0
~“Maafa: Life After Conquest”~
http://blackhistory.com/cgi-bin/blog.cgi?blog_id=273292&cid=10
Mr. Gregory Vernon Boulware (Author)
http://www.amazon.com/The-Spirit-Soul-Death-Morals/dp/1468190997/ref=cm_cr_pr_product_top?ie=UTF8
"Twitter"
https://twitter.com/#!/AuthorBoulwareG
“Article Posting Sites”
http://ezinearticles.com/?expert_bio=Gregory_V._Boulware
http://www.blogger.com/profile/10910946197037982583
http://www.BoulwareEnterprises.wordpress.com
http://www.linkedin.com/pub/gregory-boulware/10/435/44b
https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7237172.Gregory_V_Boulware
https://www.exploreb2b.com/users/gregory-boulware
http://thebookmarketingnetwork.com/profile/GregoryVBoulware
http://www.wattpad.com/user/GregLitideas
http://literarygreg10xsmenow.tumblr.com/
http://koobug.com/GregoryVB_Author?p1498
http://about.me/gregory_boulware
http://www.pinterest.com/writerauthor6bk/pins/
https://plus.google.com/111976345290342184104/posts
http://www.bookcrossing.com/mybookshelf/GVBoulware/all
http://blackhistory.com/cgi-bin/show_member.cgi
http://hbcu.com/cgi-bin/show_member.cgi
http://hbcuconnect.com/cgi-bin/blog.cgi?id=641608http://blackwomenconnect.com/cgi-bin/show_member.cgi
http://blackinamerica.com/cgi-bin/show_member.cgi
http://blackauthorsconnect.com/cgi-bin/show_member.cgi
http://chocolatepagesnetwork.com/cgi-bin/show_member.cgi
"Amazon"
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
*/
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